New report from OHPI on hate speech and social media

New report from OHPI on hate speech and social media

March 21, 2013 — s4r4hbrown

There is plenty of room for debate about appropriate responses to hate speech in a range of contexts.  People might not want to censor Holocaust denial or crude racism on a personal blog, while having zero tolerance for comparatively subtle expressions of antisemitism from elected representatives.  Here Robin Shepherd and Mike Whine offer eloquent, but opposing, perspectives on the French Court’s recent decision to identify antisemitic tweeters.

Facebook has a clear policy on hate speech:

Content that attacks people based on their actual or perceived race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, disability or disease is not allowed. We do, however, allow clear attempts at humor or satire that might otherwise be considered a possible threat or attack. This includes content that many people may find to be in bad taste (ex: jokes, stand-up comedy, popular song lyrics, etc.).

It is the contention of a report which has just been released by the Online Hate Prevention Institute (OHPI), that Facebook staff sometimes lack the expertise to identify antisemitic hate speech – Holocaust denial and sites promoting the Protocols of the Elders of Zion for example – and thus fail to remove material which would seem to fall foul of their own guidelines.  Andre Oboler, who compiled the report, explained in a piece he wrote back in 2009 why he thinks this issue is important:

The issue here is not about creating UK law to ban Holocaust denial. It is about having companies publish their terms of service and then holding them to those terms. It is about requiring a response in reasonable time when a complaint is made. It is about transparency of process. It is about actively working to prevent not only a spread of racism but a spread of hate more generally including tackling problems such as cyberbullying. With these things in place, adults can decide if they accept those terms and can decide whether a social media site is appropriate for children under their care.

OHPI’s report offers helpful, precise analysis of why certain images are antisemitic, including examples which focus on Israel, and conflate Zionism with Nazism. This is a form of antisemitism identified in the EUMC working definition – which OHPI is urging Facebook to adopt.

The screenshots at the end of the report demonstrate Facebook’s tendency to fail to (fully) recognize the hateful nature of some images and ‘jokes’. I largely avoid Facebook, so am not sure how consistently it polices racist and other hateful content more generally.  If it aims to have a zero tolerance policy for such matters it should certainly adopt OHPI’s recommendations.  Whatever one’s views are about freedom of expression, it is reasonable that Facebook should set its own standards and implement them consistently.

Some of OHPI’s other suggestions, many aimed at tightening up Facebook’s reporting procedures, seem very sensible.  Apparently people often message the administrator of a dubious site, thinking they are reporting a problem to Facebook.  This may lead to users being targeted individually for further racist abuse. Another practical suggestion is that complaints against users with previous form be prioritised.  OHPI also welcomes Facebook’s recent adoption of a policy to inhibit posting hateful material by making it more difficult to do so anonymously:

In particular we commend Facebook for the new approach to pages which implements our suggestion that page owners be prevented from hiding behind the anonymity a page provides when they post hatful content. The new policy means content that falls short of hate speech (which would require removal), but is nonetheless hateful, must either be removed by the poster, or they must associate their profile with the page that makes the comments. This is done by optionally listing the account of the page administrators on a page’s about tab.

There are other areas where Facebook seems to be failing to comply with its own policies and processes too – here’s a recent piece on double standards with regard to images of sexual violence. Even if one would not want to see any of the (hateful) material highlighted in OHPI’s report banned outright from the internet, it seems reasonable for a social networking site to establish and maintain high community standards and take expert advice if it is not equipped to determine how to implement its own policies.”

 

source: http://engageonline.wordpress.com/

In Russia, posting Mein Kampf is a criminal offense: this is not the approach of Hate prevention Initiative

excerpt from press: http://www.akadem.org/sommaire/themes/philosophie/judaisme-et-psychanalyse/bible-et-psychanalyse/mystique-et-folie-26-07-2012-45963_331.php?positiontemps=228

 

“Russian woman fined $3,000 over ‘Mein Kampf’

Oct 4, 2012

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Moscow: A woman staff member of a Russian university has been slapped a fine of 100,000 rubles ($3,000) by a court for posting an online copy of Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf on her personal website.

The 28-year-old woman posted the book, which is on the Russian federal list of extremist literature, on her website from 2007 until 2011, said prosecutors at the Yekaterinburg city court.

Adolf Hitler.

The woman pleaded guilty on charges of an attempt to incite racial hatred. She asked for leniency in the case which could have jailed her for up to two years.

In January, a Moscow resident was given a one-year suspended sentence for posting “Mein Kampf” on his website.

Austrian-born Hitler wrote the autobiographical “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle) in prison after his failed Munich coup in 1923, known as the Beer Hall Putsch.

The book, which outlines the Nazi vision of Aryan racial supremacy, was banned in Russia in 2010.”

From the Press: “Vienna Police Refuse To Intervene As Rabbi Is Taunted With “Hitler Salute” “

“Austria / 31-08-2012

Vienna – A rabbi was attacked over the weekend in Vienna, by local soccer fans.

 

According to local media reports, the fans, who were on their way to a game, met Rabbi Schlomo Hoffmeister and screamed at him, “Move, Jew – Jews out, Heil Hitler.” According to the rabbi, they also saluted with the Nazi salute.

 

Rabbi Hoffmeister claimed that police officers standing nearby refused to intervene. When he asked for their help, they reportedly replied, “It’s just soccer.”

 

Local police later said they will investigate the claims and will work to catch both the police officers and the fans who were involved in the incident.

 

“Antisemitic insults in the streets of Vienna are commonplace, but when it happens in front of the police, it is unprecedented. The fact that [the officers] did nothing about it and even smiled is an experience that left me in shock,” said Rabbi Hoffmeister.”

 source: http://antisemitism.org.il/article/74361/vienna-police-refuse-intervene-rabbi-taunted-%E2%80%9Chitler-salute%E2%80%9D

frm the press: “Op-Ed: Shine a light on hateful white power music”

“By Mark Pitcavage · August 12, 2012

OPINION

NEW YORK  (JTA) — Much has been written and said of late about the underground white supremacist subculture in which Wisconsin shooter Wade Page immersed himself, and his own involvement with white power music. But one aspect of that subculture has not been given the attention it deserves. In that subculture, there also is a powerful undercurrent of anti-Semitism. 

The anti-Semitism is unmistakable in band names such as Jew Slaughter, Final Solution and Ethnic Cleansing. The latter boasts of albums called “Piles of Dead Jews” and “Hitler was Right.”

Another longstanding white supremacist band, Bully Boys, has recorded songs called “Fire Up the Ovens” and “Six Million More.” In the first one, the group sings about leaving “no stone unturned until the last Jew burns.” And in “Six Million More,” they sing:

“They’re on the media night and day looking for our sympathy

Yeah the Holocaust, the crystal night don’t mean a thing to me

No, the world can’t take much more of this Zionist intervention

The only fool proof plan is mass extermination.”

These bands and others like them are part of a thriving subculture; some white supremacists drive for hundreds of miles to attend their concerts. Their fans gather together, many sporting shaved heads and covered with tattoos. The men pump their fists in the air and dance raucously in front of a stage festooned with Nazi flags and racist skinhead symbols, while others, including a few women, watch around the perimeter. Onstage, the music is deafening, urging white people “to stand up and fight.”

Apart from the concerts, which rarely attract crowds of more than a couple hundred, the music reaches others who purchase or download it from the Internet. Since white power music arrived in the United States in the late 1970s, it has become a pillar of the subculture permeating the white supremacist movement. 

The music comes in many flavors. The oldest is a racist form of Oi!, associated with the original skinhead subculture in Great Britain. Also popular is hatecore, a white supremacist version of hardcore punk. A white supremacist form of death metal music, known as National Socialist Black Metal Music, or NSBM, has become popular. There are other small subgenres of hate music — even a few white power hip-hop artists, though most white supremacists dislike hip hop.

At any given time, about 100 to 150 white power bands are active in the United States. The bands’ own names defiantly express feelings of hate or violence: examples other than those mentioned previously include Aggravated Assault, Angry Aryans, Attack, Definite Hate, Force Fed Hate, Fueled by Hate and Hate Crime. Most of these bands are the white supremacist equivalents of garage bands — nobody is getting rich from the music. Behind them are small record labels or distributors that specialize in white power music such as Label 56, Tightrope Records, Final Stand Records and others. 

Many bands are associated with racist skinhead groups such as Volksfront, the Vinlanders Social Club or, especially, the Hammerskins, who dominate much of the white power music scene. Many bands are Hammerskins-affiliated, while the group itself organizes hate music concerts, including Hammerfest, its largest annual event.

White power music conveys many messages. Obviously it conveys hatred: antagonism toward Jews, immigrants, nonwhites, Muslims, gays and left-wingers. But songs can convey other messages, too. Some white power songs may glorify heroes or martyrs of the white supremacist movement. Some are essentially self-promotional, praising a group or leader.

Songs that urge or celebrate generic violence also are common, emerging from a subculture in which violence is easily condoned. A number of songs attempt to convey some sense of commonality, to strengthen the sense that listeners are in a movement with shared ideas, goals — or perceived enemies such as Jews.

What are the effects of white power music? It’s often hard to know exactly how music of any kind may affect someone. Music is universally acknowledged as powerful, yet its effects are often indirect.

Hate music does sometimes create direct effects. Incidents of hate crimes being committed by people who had just been at a hate music event have been reported. More indirectly, hate music certainly contributes to the shared ideas and notions of the white supremacist movement, including its willing acceptance of violence.

Not only was Wade Page, the white supremacist responsible for the massacre at a Sikh temple in Wisconsin, part of this subculture, he also was a performer. A racist skinhead himself, he played in two white power music bands, End Apathy and Definite Hate, affiliated with the Hammerskins. 

The recent tragedy should be a wake-up call for all of us, including the Jewish community. It is important for us to be concerned about this subculture that celebrates hateful music, hateful lyrics, and messages of hate and anti-Semitism. Our concerns should be heightened by the reminder we have just received that this hate does sometimes lead to violence and murder, including occasions when Jewish individuals and Jewish institutions have been targeted. 

For example, in 1999 white supremacist Buford Furrow went after children at the Los Angeles JCC. Three years ago, another white supremacist, James von Brunn, targeted the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., murdering a museum guard. In April 2011, two white supremacists assaulted and seriously injured a Jewish man in Southern California, and last December, white supremacist Danny Lee Warner reportedly told his wife that he was setting out to kill as many Jews as possible. Fortunately, in the Warner case, he was apprehended before he could carry out his plan. 

What can be done about this subculture of hate and the violence it seems to beget? One solution is to shine a light on the hateful lyrics and music, as ADL does, so that more people will speak out and reject their disturbing and sometimes violent message. 

(Mark Pitcavage is director of investigative research of the Anti-Defamation League.)”

Source: http://www.jta.org/news/article/2012/08/12/3103606/white-power-musics-powerful-anti-semitism

 

From the Press: “Jail over Facebook praise for Mein Kampf”

“A man who declared Hitler’s Mein Kampf to be his favourite book on Facebook has been sentenced to 18 months in prison in Klagenfurt, Austria.

The 26-year-old who has previous offences was given an 18 month sentence, of which 12 months are to be served.

As well as posting Mein Kampf as his favourite book he also posted Nazi videos online on his social networking site including links to images of Hitler’s original rallies.

The man admitted he had posted the content online, but denied he wanted to spread Nazi propaganda. He claims he only did it so Facebook would delete his account. His lawyer claimed he was not politically active, and did not have Nazi views.

The man claimed his Facebook account had been hacked and he therefore wanted rid of it.

Judge Gerhard Pöllinger asked him why he didn’t just delete the page. The man replied that he didn’t think of that.

Public Prosecutor Helmut Jamnig however claimed that the man had only recently made the Facebook page and had built up an extremely large number of friends, and was adding politicians as friends.

He then changed his profile and started adding Nazi pictures and slogans

After further questioning the man finally admitted his guilt. He claimed he was not aware of the damage that could be caused by his actions and apologised. “

Austrian Times


from: <http://austriantimes.at/news/General_News/2012-07-31/43258/Jail_over_Facebook_praise_for_Mein_Kampf>

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From the Press (JTA)

Sunday, June 17, 2012

German plans for ‘Mein Kampf’ excerpts in schools seen as a way to demystify Hitler tome

Students from the St. Ursula-Schule, a Catholic high school in Germany, view facsimiles of ads for Hitler's "Mein Kampf" at the House of the Wannsee Conference in Potsdam, site of the planning of the Final Solution. (Toby Axelrod)

Students from the St. Ursula-Schule, a Catholic high school in Germany, view facsimiles of ads for Hitler’s “Mein Kampf” at the House of the Wannsee Conference in Potsdam, site of the planning of the Final Solution. (Toby Axelrod)

By Toby Axelrod

BERLIN (JTA) –- Does “Mein Kampf” belong in German high schools?

With Adolf Hitler’s book due to come out of wraps here in 2015, freed after decades under copyright protection that prevented its publication in Germany, it’s a question that is being debated in classrooms and on German TV talk shows.

The discussion has not eased since the Ministry of Finance in Bavaria, which owns the rights, announced plans earlier this year to prepare annotated excerpts for German schools. Scholars at Munich’s Institute for Contemporary History are working on the official annotated edition of the approximately 900-page book.

Critics say it’s better not to play with fire: Some youth already have an unhealthy fascination with this chapter of history and don’t need further fuel. But most observers agree that excerpts with expert commentary could help demystify the taboo tome.

Germany’s Jewish community has no problem with plans for the new edition.

Stephan Kramer, general secretary of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, has said it makes sense to publish the book “to prevent neo-Nazis from profiting from it” and to “remove many of its false, persistent myths.”

The move “is absolutely right and overdue,” said Julian Barlen, co-founder of the anti-Nazi website Endstation Rechts and a Social Democratic legislator in the former East German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Anyone who wants to read the book can download a copy anyway, he noted, and its ban “probably even raises the fascination with Hitler among some teens.”

Actually, it’s “a very boring book and no kid will like to read it,” suggested political scientist Thomas Lutz, who heads the memorial museums department of the Topography of Terror Foundation at the site of the former Gestapo headquarters in Berlin. “A special edition may be helpful as a further possibility to deal with the Nazi period, but I would not overestimate its impact.”

Hitler wrote his rant against Jews and communists while in prison in 1923 following his attempted coup in Munich. After he came to power in 1933, many editions were published, including one given free to newlywed couples and one to mark Hitler’s 50th birthday in 1939.

“The Nazis tried to put the book everywhere,” said historian Christian Hartmann of the Institute for Contemporary History, which is advising the state’s Agency for Civic Education on the educational excerpts.

Following World War II, the Bavarian Finance Ministry inherited the copyright from the publisher, and until now has barred publication in Germany in an effort to limit the spread of Hitler’s ideology. But that does not stop publication elsewhere.

“Of course, Hitler is a fascinosum,” an object of fascination, Hartmann said. “Evil is always fascinating, and you can’t prevent that.”

Accordingly, the book “is one of the most purchased in the world; more than 12 million copies have been sold. Here, where it was banned, people have read it secretly.”

Hartmann added that “What we are trying to do is demystify ‘Mein Kampf’ and to make it what it is: an historical source and nothing more.”

Amid Hitler’s inaccurate accounts of personal and world history are hints of what would come, he said. “Such things as the Holocaust, the attack on the Soviet Union, relations with France and Italy, attempts to form a union with Great Britain — these are in the book. It is a kind of master plan for his later deeds.”

Documentary evidence of those deeds can be seen at the House of the Wannsee Conference in Potsdam, just outside Berlin. On a glass-topped display table in a ground-floor room are facsimiles of the minutes of the Jan. 20, 1942 meeting where the “Final Solution” was mapped out. Adolf Eichmann wrote the protocol.

Students from the St. Ursula High School of Geisenheim, their faces reflected in the glass table, viewed the pages intently, taking cellphone shots of them: “In the course of the practical implementation of the final solution, Europe will be combed through from West to East … Any first-degree Mischling [with one Jewish parent] to be exempted from evacuation will be sterilized in order to prevent any progeny … State Secretary Dr. Buhler …had only one favor to ask: that the Jewish question in this territory be resolved as fast as possible.”

People “could have known” what was coming if they read “Mein Kampf,” said teacher Annette Zschatzsch, looking at the display with her students. “But people did not read it.”

“We talked about it in class,” said Nora, 16. “My grandfather told me he got a copy from his bank, signed by Adolf Hitler. He put it away; he found it too extreme. And then he lent it to a friend who never gave it back. He told me he wished he could have shown it to me.”

As for whether it would be useful for students to read the book, “to put it bluntly, no one really needed it up to now,” said her classmate, Eva, 17. “It could be interesting … but I think it is not needed for youth.”

David, 17, said he thought it would be good for students aged 16 and older to have access to explanations and a “watered-down version.”

Zschatzsch, who graduated high school in 1984, noted that she and her classmates also were able to read parts of “Mein Kampf” excerpted in textbooks, “but the degree to which it was used depended on the individual teacher.”

Classrooms are not the only venue for learning about “Mein Kampf.” German cabaret artist Serdar Somuncu boasts that he’s “the only one allowed to read from the text on stage.”

The Turkish-born performer recently told ARD TV talk show host Anne Will that he had read excerpts to 250,000 people, including 1,428 German high school students. “It’s better to understand [the book] than to suppress it,” he said. It helps one understand “Mein Kampf” “leads directly to this ideology — this fatal, inflammatory ideology.”

In a typical routine, shown on the ARD segment, Somuncu recites on racist theory from Hitler’s text. “Every animal mates only with his kind.” The audience laughs nervously. “The titmouse … seeks out the titmouse.”

“But you will never find a fox” – “those damned foxes,” Somuncu adds – “whose inner character would allow … somewhat … humane impulses … towards geese.” More laughter.

“We are not laughing about the victims,” he explained. “We are laughing about the formulation by the perpetrators.”

Later he said, “Laughter is important as a way to open people, to gain entry, verbal access, especially for young people,” said Somuncu, whose intention is to prompt reflection.

There is no laughter at the House of the Wannsee Conference. Students wander in silence through the rooms where high-ranking Nazis discussed the logistics of genocide. On one wall hangs a 1927 ad in facsimile: “Get to know Hitler by reading his book,” it suggests.

It won’t be long before Germans of all ages have the chance to do so — but this time with the knowledge gained in hindsight.

Press and Hate Prevention Initiative

Press Coverage:

1 – articles de fond – presse et Internet – France

2 – articles de fond – press / Internet – International

3 – articles de fond – séquences audiovisuelles

4 – articles de fond – blogs

5 – annonces Forum octobre 2011

From Neo Nazi Greece

Greek Journalists Dodge Threats and Yogurt to Cover Rise of Far-Right Party
By ROBERT MACKEY

Nikos Michaloliakos, the leader of Greece's far-right Golden Dawn party, rebuked reporters on Sunday in Athens.
Petros Giannakouris/Associated Press
Nikos Michaloliakos, the leader of Greece’s far-right Golden Dawn party, rebuked reporters on Sunday in Athens.

As reporters from around the world remain in Greece, covering the post-election political turmoil
, Greek journalists continue to face intimidation for reporting on the rise of a xenophobic party from the far-right.

Members of Greece’s Golden Dawn party, which took 7 percent of the vote on Sunday, bitterly resent reports that brand them neo-Nazis, even as they sell copies of “Mein Kampf” at their headquarters, wave flags adorned with a symbol that resembles the swastika and make Nazi salutes.

On Tuesday, two unions of Greek journalists denounced threats leveled at reporters who attended the party’s triumphal news conference Sunday night. Video of the event broadcast on Greek television — and later
posted on YouTube with English subtitles by a Greek video blogger
— showed a party member ordering reporters to stand up as the Golden Dawn leader, Nikos Michaloliakos, entered the room.

Video of a far-right political party’s news conference in Greece on Sunday, as subtitled by a Greek blogger.

Once he was seated before the microphones of the assembled press corps, Mr. Michaloliakos embarked on a tirade against the media, in which he saluted the voters who had rejected the “defamation” of his party by Greek television channels and newspapers.

The Greek Federation of Journalists responded on Tuesday with a statement

in which the union said it “warns Hitler nostalgics and especially the ‘brave boys in black T-shirts’ that no journalist will be coerced, threatened and above all terrorized,” the Athens daily

Kathimerini reported.

The Athens Union of Journalists, which condemned the silence of some media organizations in the face of the “neo-Nazi” threat to Greece, was even more combative,

Reuters reported. “Acting like bouncers, they showed their true colors,” the union wrote. “We are not afraid of you. We will reveal your role. You will not have your way.”

As my colleagues Rachel Donadio and Dimitris Bounias reported last month, Mr. Michaloliakos insisted in an interview that Nazi salutes by Golden Dawn members were not official policy, even though he himself was

caught on video

making the gesture during an Athens city council meeting last year.

Although Mr. Michaloliakos refused to say whether or not he believed that the Holocaust had happened — telling The Times, “I think all history is written by the winners” — another leading Golden Dawn official, Ilias Kasidiaris, said in an interview: “The main view in Europe is that six million Jews were killed. History has shown that this is a lie.”

Faced with the increasing popularity of a virulently anti-immigrant party, whose motto is, “So we can rid the land of filth,” but still rejects the label neo-Nazi, Greek journalists have been divided on how to respond. As Xenia Kounalaki, an editor at Kathimerini, explained in

an article for Spiegel Online, she called on her colleagues to simply stop reporting on Golden Dawn’s campaign in the weeks before the election.

Shaved heads, military uniforms, Nazi chants, Hitler greetings: How should a Greek journalist deal with such people? Should one just ignore them and leave them unmentioned? Should one denounce them and demand that they be banned? One shouldn’t forget that they are violent and have perpetrated several attacks against foreigners and leftists. I thought long and hard about how to write about Golden Dawn so that my article was in no way beneficial to the party.

On April 12, the daily Kathimerini ran my story under the headline “

Banality of Evil.” In the piece, I carefully explained why it was impossible to carry on a dialogue with such people and why I thought the neo-Nazi party should disappear from media coverage and be banned. Five days later,

an anonymous reply to my article appeared on the Golden Dawn website. It was a 2,500-word-long personal attack in which the fascists recounted my entire career, mocked my alleged foreign roots (I was born in Hamburg) and even, for no apparent reason, mentioned my 13-year-old daughter. The unnamed authors indirectly threatened me as well: “To put it in the mother tongue of foreign Xenia: ‘Kommt Zeit, kommt Rat, kommt Attentat!’” In other words, watch your back.

Most Greeks believe that Golden Dawn has connections to both the police and to the country’s secret service. Nevertheless, I went to the authorities to ask what I should do. I was told that I should be careful. They told me that party thugs could harass me, beat me or terrorize me over the phone. It would be better, they said, if I stopped writing about them.

Journalists who ignored the calls to ignore the party have faced attacks from the other end of the political spectrum. Last month, days after a journalist named Panagiotis Vourhas interviewed the Golden Dawn spokesman, Mr. Kasidiaris, protesters broke into the studio of his station, Epiros TV1,

during a live broadcast

, and pelted him with yogurt and eggs.

After the protest was quelled, and he had a chance to dry off, Mr. Vourhas returned

to explain to viewers that the attack was in response to the station’s previous interview with the Golden Dawn representative, not the discussion with a local politician he was engaged in when the masked intruders raided the set.

From the web “German Pirates Party: Our success similar to Hitler’s”

German Pirates Party: Our success similar to Hitler’s

Senior member of party ranking third in opinion polls draws harsh criticism for comparing faction’s ascent to Nazis’ rise to power; party activist criticizes Israel in YouTube clip

from : Ynet http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4220438,00.html

Published:  04.24.12, 11:33 / Israel News
 
A senior member of Germany’s Pirates party caused an uproar when he compared its meteoric rise to that of Adolf Hitler before 1933. 

The party ranks third in opinion polls and expected to enter parliament next year.

 ”The ascent of the Pirate Party is proceeding as swiftly as the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazis) between 1928 and 1933,” Martin Delius told the weekly news magazine Spiegel.

Delius, 29, a former software designer, later apologized for his remark and withdrew from an election for the Pirates’ executive board, but resisted calls to quit his post in the Berlin city assembly.

The Pirates, whose platform is based on internet freedom and more direct participation in politics, won seats in the city government of the capital last September.
חברי המפלגה אחרי ניצחון בבחירות המקומיות. רק חסרי ניסיון? (צילום: EPA)

Party members after victory in local elections (Photo: EPA)

Recent opinion polls indicate that the Pirates, an offshoot of a party founded in Sweden, have now overtaken the Greens to become the third biggest party with about 13% support, behind only Chancellor Angela Merkel‘s ruling conservatives and the main opposition Social Democrats.

The party is suspected by police of having links to a small far-right cell that carried out a decade-long murder campaign against immigrants. The cell was exposed late last year.

Moreover, the Pirates party suffered the embarrassment of having two members exposed as former members of the far-right National Democratic Party (NPD). The two members resigned late last year, but the Pirate’s federal chairman Sebastian Nerz said there were “almost certainly a few more Pirates who used to be NPD.”

A Pirates party activist recently posted a video on YouTube in which he criticized Israel. The Bild daily quoted the blog of another party activist as suggesting that Germany had acted in self-defense in 1939 when it attacked Poland because the Poles had ordered a general mobilization.

 

Apart from its far-right tendencies, the party has also been accused by other parties of misogyny due to the lack of women members, as well as being devoid of political content.

 In response to Delius’ remarks, Nertz told the Bild, “Everyone should think properly about what he says, about the historical analogies he draws and what effect they may have.”

 But a commentary published by the Bild said parties without an understanding of history had no place in parliament.

 Other German parties, which viewed the Pirates’ ascent with great concern, jumped at the opportunity to discredit it. Claudia Roth, leader of the Greens, who have suffered particularly from the Pirates’ success, called the remarks an “outrageous transgression” that could not be excused by the party’s lack of experience.

 Senior Social Democrat MP Thomas Oppermann said the “tasteless” comparison proved that the Pirates have yet to clarify their view of far-right militancy.